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Note : Section I is compulsory & Section II
solve any six questions :
Section I
CASE STUDY:
No Minor Offence
Census data reveals high level of Under – age marriages
Census statics are
generally full of surprises. But this one is startling : 6.4 million Indians under the age of 18 are
already married. That’s not all. As many as 1.3 lakh girls under 18 are widowed
and another 56,000 are divorced or separated. The legal marriageable age for
women is 18, for men 21. A century and a half after Ishwarchandra Vidyasagar’s crusade against child marriage,
the practice persists. Obviously, the Child Marriage Restraint Act, 1929,
exists only on paper and has not been
able to deter parents from marrying off under –aged sons and daughters. The
incidence is understandably higher in rural areas, but not low as expected in
the cities. It’s more common in the BIMARU states, with Rajasthan leading the
way Ironically, the Act renders all under-age marriages illegal but not void,
which means that an illegally married couple can stay married . It is,
therefore, violated with impunity and hardly anyone is ever hauled up. Despite
the fact that child marriage is a criminal offence, action is rarely taken by
the police. Even civil society remains a passive spectator. There’s not enough
penalty-a fine of Rs.1,000 and imprisonment up to three shows that the state
does not view the crime seriously.
The practice is
linked to the curse of dowary. “Chhota Chhora dhhej kam mangta” ( the younger
the groom, the smaller the dowry demand) justifies many such alliances. The
grimmest part of the scenario is the physical havoc that early marriage wreaks
upon girls who are too young to bear the
burden of maternal and child mortality. There is also the belief that a daughters’ marriage is a scared obligation that parents must fulfill at the
earliest. A new legislation, Prevention of Child marriages Bill, 2004, to
replace the loophole-ridden 1929 Act is awaiting parliament’s approval. But
legislation alone is not enough. Compulsory registration of marriages is one
way of tackling the problem. Creating awareness about the ill-effects of such
marriages and mobilizing committed social workers to intervence are others.
However, social workers have to often function in hostile conditions. The 1992
case of Bhanwari Devi, the Rajasthan saathin who was raped for preventing a
child marriage, is chilling. In the end only education, economic security and
increasing empowerment of women can eliminate the problem.
Questions
1. Discuss ethically the drawbacks you find in the under-age
marriages?
2. How does the increasing empowerment of women help
eliminate problems if this type?
Section II
Solve any six questions :
Q2.
a)
What is moral hazards and why is it important?
b)
What is emergent strategy?
Q3.
a)
What are the objectives of a business, and which
is the most important?
b)
How many steps are there in the decision making
process and what are they?
Q4.
a)
What CSR issues exist for NFPs?
b)
What measures of performance are typically used
by these organization?
Q5.
a)
How globalization effect CSR?
b)
Is globalization threat for CSR?
Q6.
a)
Why is the measurement of performance important?
b)
What is ISO14000 and what factors does it cover?
Q7.
a)
What are the responsibilities of business in
their corporate decision?
b)
What is the relationship between CSR and
corporate behavior?
Q8.
a)
What are the 4 factors of sustainability?
b)
What are the factors of distributable
sustainability?
Q9.
a)
What
justification does stakeholder Theory use for considering stakeholder?
b)
What are the step involved in the incorporation
of environmental accounting into the risk evaluation system of an organization?
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